by Dr Neelima Mantri | Feb 16, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), formerly referred to as premature ovarian failure is a disorder that results from the early depletion or dysfunction of the ovaries leading to malfunctioning of the reproductive system. Such a woman usually develops this condition by the age of 40 which causes various symptoms and affects fertility. In this article, we shall talk about the causes and symptoms of POI.
Causes of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
● Genetic Factors – Primary Ovarian Insufficiency can stem from genetic abnormalities. Premature depletion of ovarian follicles can be caused by conditions such as Turner syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and other chromosomal abnormalities.
●Autoimmune Disorders – Sometimes the immune system mistakes ovarian tissues and starts attacking them, and this results in a disorder called ovarian insufficiency. POI can result as a consequence of autoimmune disorders that include thyroiditis and Addison’s disease.
●Infections – The infections of the ovaries that cause inflammation and damage are mumps, which contribute to Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.
●Idiopathic Causes – In a large percentage of POI cases, the etiology remains undetermined, so this condition is called idiopathic. This requires further investigations into other possible contributors to ovarian insufficiency. Gynecologists in Mumbai are skilled enough to resolve such issues.
Symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
●Irregular Menstrual Cycles – Irregular or no menstrual cycles are one of the main symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Women suffering from POI may have menstrual irregularities that include primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea, among others.
●Hot Flashes and Night Sweats – Situational symptoms associated with ovarian insufficiency can include hot flashes and night sweats commonly seen in the menopausal state.
●Difficulty Conceiving – Reduced ovarian function leads to infertility in most cases of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Women with POI often have difficulty conceiving naturally.
●Bone Health Concerns – Estrogen has an important function in the maintenance of bone density. Low estrogen levels that occur in cases of POI may predispose women to osteoporosis and bone fractures.
Management and Treatment
While Primary Ovarian Insufficiency cannot be reversed, its symptoms can be managed with appropriate medical interventions and under the supervision of the best gynecologists in Mumbai.
●Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) – HRT including estrogen and progesterone has a role in the control of symptoms like hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Nevertheless, HRT does not bring back fertility.
●Fertility Treatments – The use of assisted reproductive technologies like IVF with donated eggs may be an option for women who want to have a child.
●Bone Health Measures – To reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis, women with POI are recommended lifestyle interventions including regular weight-bearing exercises, calcium adequate intake, and vitamin D supplementation.
Reproductive health and women’s overall well-being are significantly disturbed by Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, thus, the condition comes with various complexities. With the understanding of the etiologies and identification of symptoms, it can help healthcare providers in diagnosing PIO early which will further lead to better management that helps improve the living quality for women suffering from PIO.
Dr. Neelima Mantri is one of Mumbai’s best gynecologists, who has successfully treated POI patients. Get in touch with her for the best remedies.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 31, 2024 | Pregnancy Complications
Pregnancy is one of the most blessed and memorable journeys a woman takes. However, many medical conditions can pose problems in this beautiful journey, and a few, like Antiphospholipid Syndrome, can even cut short the journey by causing miscarriage, stillbirths, and other obstetric complications.
What is Antiphospholipid Syndrome, how does it impact pregnancy, and how is it treated to make the pregnancy journey more safe and secure? We posed these common questions about Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS) to the best gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri. Read on to know her answers.
What is Antiphospholipid Syndrome?
Hughes syndrome, also known as Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), is an autoimmune disorder that triggers abnormal blood clotting in the body. An APS patient’s immune system mistakenly produces a specific antibody that attacks phospholipids, which play a crucial role in blood clotting and cell function.
These antibodies ultimately increase the risk of blood clots forming in our veins and arteries. This increased tendency of blood clotting can have implications throughout the body, causing severe problems like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), strokes, and pulmonary embolism.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome & Pregnancy:
This Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS), which can have severe implications in an average person, can have even worse consequences for pregnant women:
Increased Risk of Blood Clots: APS, as said above, increases the chance of blood clots, which amplifies the risk of thrombosis, where the blood clot inside the vessel blocks the blood flow, leading to potentially serious complications. “This increased clotting is especially problematic during pregnancy as it can block the blood flow to the placenta, endangering the life of the foetus,” says the top gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
Stillbirths and Preterm Births: The risk posed by APS increases the chance of stillbirths, especially in the second and third trimesters. This condition also increases the risk of preterm birth, which increases complications for the baby.
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: APS antibodies regularly may interfere with the normal development of the placenta. So, women with undiagnosed and unmanaged APS will suffer recurrent pregnancy loss in the early stages of pregnancy.
Antiphospholipid Syndrome – Diagnosis and Treatment during Pregnancy:
Diagnosis of APS usually involves blood tests to detect the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and tests to evaluate the impact of blood clotting. Once considered, the gynaecologist, by considering other vital factors, devise a tailored treatment approach to prevent the risk of blood clots and adequately manage the associated complications.
The treatment for Antiphospholipid Syndrome involves a combination of various medications that prevent blood clotting, combined with close and careful monitoring. The primary goal of the treatment is to prevent blood clots, improve blood flow to the placenta, and reduce the risk of other pregnancy complications. “Blood thinner medications and close ultrasound monitoring are the two pillars of APS treatment,” says leading gynaecologist and obstetrician in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
“For women with APS who are looking to get pregnant, we conduct a thorough medical examination and evaluation and optimize the medication regimen according to the outlook of the condition. Obstetricians, rheumatologists, and haematologists work together to manage the APS syndrome. By taking risk factors and previous pregnancy outcomes into account, we tailor and individualize treatment plans for patients with APS to ensure a safe and successful pregnancy,” says Dr. Neelima Mantri, who specializes in treating APS in pregnant women. For more information about treatment for Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Mumbai, you can contact her here.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 30, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
Pain and discomfort, fatigue, mood swings, stress, sleep disturbances, and interpersonal challenges – PMS can trouble women a lot with its combinations of physical and emotional symptoms.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a severe form of PMS that can cause more intense and extreme forms of physical and emotional symptoms triggered by PMS. It is estimated that 8-10% of women of reproductive age can succumb to this painful transition that can impair their quality of life and wreak havoc in the days that lead up to menstruation.
But what is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, what causes it, and how is this condition treated in women? With inputs from a leading gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri, let us find answers to these questions in this blog today.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), characterized by intense physical and emotional symptoms that significantly interfere with the daily life of women. Unlike PMS, it is a chronic condition that manifests in the week or two before menstruation.
Unfortunately PMDD is becoming increasingly common, affecting as much as 10% of women of reproductive age. It is a severe condition that requires immediate attention from medical professionals specializing in treating Premenstrual Disorders.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder – Causes and Symptoms:
Unfortunately, the exact cause of PMDD is not known. It is still considered an anomaly and an abnormal reaction of the body to the hormonal changes that happen during menstruation. However, certain risk factors have been identified to increase the risk of PMDD, including:
- History of PMS
- Underlying anxiety or depression.
- Family history of mood disorders or PMDD
- Personal history of abuse, trauma, or other highly stressful events.
PMDD can trigger a whole host of physical and emotional symptoms that are best described as a severe version of PMS. The symptoms can be versatile and vary from case to case; in general, the symptoms of PMDD include the following:
Psychological Symptoms: Severe fatigue, anxiety, agitation, forgetfulness, insomnia, paranoia, moodiness, concentration problems, confusion, lack of control, nervousness, crying spells, anger, irritability, and depression.
Neurological and Vascular Problems: Muscle spasms, dizziness, numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity of arms and legs, easy bruising, fainting, headache, and heart palpitations.
Skin Problems: Acne, skin inflammation, and other skin disorders.
Other Problems: Decreased sex drive, painful menstruation, food cravings, hot flashes, tender breasts, allergies, and appetite changes.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder – Treatment
All the above symptoms hitting women in their most severe form can cause extreme emotional and physical distress to women. Fortunately, PMDD can be managed and treated by qualified gynaecologists, and the risk of occurrence can be drastically cut down with the proper measures.
“The treatment for PMDD usually involves Antidepressants, Hormonal birth control pills, Dietary changes, OTC medications, regular exercise, stress management, and lifestyle changes. When perfectly tailored for a specific case, these options together can help manage and treat PMDD successfully,” says leading lady gynaecologist in Mumbai specializing in PMDD treatment, Dr. Neelima Mantri. For more information on the treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, you can directly consult her here.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 29, 2024 | Blog, Pregnancy Complications
Adrenal diseases, an umbrella term for medical conditions, can impact and lead to malfunction of the adrenal glands. These medical conditions can push the other body out of equilibrium by disrupting several bodily functions, including metabolism, immune response, blood pressure, and stress bodies.
Women who are at their most sensitive and vulnerable selves during pregnancy are prone to more health risks due to adrenal diseases. The reproductive complications can range from gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, higher risk of infections, foetal abnormalities, preterm birth, and even miscarriage,” says a female gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
So what is an adrenal disease, what causes it, and how does one prevent or treat it during pregnancy? With input from Dr. Neelima Mantri, the best gynaecologist in Mumbai and a specialist in adrenal diseases, let us find answers to the questions in this blog.
Adrenal Glands – Key for Many Body Functions
The adrenal glands are tiny triangular glands at the top of our kidneys. These small glands are crucial in regulating hormones that control several body functions. Any malfunction of these glands directly impacts regular body functions, causing problems in the human body.
It produces Cortisol and manages metabolism, blood sugar levels, and blood pressure. The Aldosterone it spawns controls blood pressure, while adrenaline is responsible for heightened alertness and an increased heart rate. Its Noradrenaline helps regulate blood pressure. Additionally, the adrenal glands are crucial for the production of sex hormones, contributing to the regulation of sexual development and function. So Adrenal Glands are essential for many body functions, and their malfunction is tipped to wreak havoc in the body.
Adrenal Diseases: What Causes Them?
Adrenal diseases occur when the adrenal glands overproduce or under produce hormones. Overproduction results in Cushing’s disease. Cushing’s excess cortisol leads to weight gain, high blood pressure, fatigue, and mood swings. Underproduction of adrenal hormones can result in Addison’s disease. This underproduction of cortisol leads to fatigue, salt cravings, and stress problems.
“There is no one specific cause for adrenal diseases. Autoimmune disorders, infections, tumours, genetic abnormalities, and long-term use of medications can trigger adrenal diseases,” says Dr. Neelima Mantri, the best female gynaecologist in Mumbai and a specialist in Adrenal diseases during pregnancy.
Adrenal Diseases – Impact on Pregnancy:
Untreated Addison’s disease increases the risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and shock during pregnancy. Cushing’s excessive cortisol can lead to gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and an increased risk of C-section. The baby also faces a risk of congenital adrenal hyperplasia if the mother has a specific genetic form of Cushing’s disease. With proper medication and treatment, women with adrenal diseases can have healthy pregnancies today.
That said, proper preconception and prenatal care, regular exercise, a balanced diet, and consultation with a gynaecologist can help reduce the risk of adrenal diseases during pregnancy. For more information on managing, treating, and preventing adrenal disease during pregnancy, you can contact gynaecologist Dr. Neelima Mantri here.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 2, 2024 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
Salpingitis is a medical term for inflammation of the fallopian tubes, which connect the ovaries to the uterus in the female reproductive system. It often starts with lower abdominal pain that worsens with ovulation or menstruation, accompanied by cramping and pelvic pain. In some cases, the pain is also accompanied by fever, tiredness, painful urination, and vaginal discharge.
“Surprisingly, Salpingitis can be a silent threat with no symptoms in a few cases. This is dangerous because stealthily, this condition may damage the uterus and fallopian tubes, leading to infertility and pregnancy problems,” says the best female gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
Salpingitis – Can Be Silent & More Prone in Younger Women:
Unlike other gynaecological conditions, Salpingitis is more common among younger women, who are often unaware of this situation. Also, unlike other inflammation conditions, Salpingitis can have non-sexual causes, like surgery, bacteria during childbirth, and IUD insertion.
When not treated early, Salpingitis can cause adhesions, scars, and even block fallopian tubes, hindering egg development and leading to fertility problems. In this blog with insights from a leading gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri, let us go through the causes, warning signs, and treatment for Salpingitis in Mumbai. Read on:
What is Salpingitis? What causes it?
Salpingitis is the inflammation of the fallopian tubes caused by infection from bacteria that enter the woman’s body. The infection can happen due to sexually transmitted diseases like chlamydia, gonorrhoea, or even non-sexual ways like surgery, bacteria during childbirth, or even insertion of intrauterine devices.
“This simple bacterial infection impacts the fallopian tubes, causing lower abdominal pain, fever, eventually leading to pregnancy and infertility problems if not treated promptly.”, says Salpingitis specialist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
Salpingitis Symptoms: How to identify Salpingitis?
Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area, painful menstruation or ovulation that worsens as the date approaches, painful sexual intercourse, abnormal vaginal discharge, painful urination, fever, and tiredness are some of the symptoms of Salpingitis.
These symptoms may manifest among other infections, but Salpingitis can also be a silent threat with no apparent symptoms; only routine gynaecological check-ups can help accurately identify the situation.
Salpingitis Treatment and Prevention:
Antibiotics are the straight-up treatment option for Salpingitis. Over-the-counter medication like Ibuprofen, rest, fluid intake, avoidance of irritants, and follow-up care are other critical elements of the treatment plan for Salpingitis.
In a few cases, patients may already be experiencing certain gynaecological conditions, which, on top of Salpingitis, can have adverse effects on reproductive health. In such cases, a gynaecologist crafts a customized treatment plan for a patient with Salpingitis based on reproductive health.
That said, the painful symptoms of Salpingitis can be avoided altogether by following specific prevention tips. We often advise regular screening for STI infections, maintaining vaginal hygiene, adhering to safe sex practices, and prompt treatment of infections to cut down the risk of Salpingitis. If you are in Mumbai and looking for more information on the treatment and prevention of diseases like Salpingitis, Dr. Neelima Mantri is more than happy to assist you; contact her here.
