by Dr Neelima Mantri | May 8, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
A Urethral Diverticulum is a rare condition where a pouch or sac forms along the urethra, the tube that carries urine from the bladder out of the body. The pouch may leak some urine, causing pain during urination, frequent urinary tract infections, and difficulty in releasing urine from the bladder. The condition mainly affects women but can occur in men as well. Infectious, traumatic, or congenital abnormalities may cause a Urethral Diverticulum.
Urethral Diverticulum Symptoms
The clinical features of a Urethral Diverticulum are pain or discomfort during urination, frequent urinary tract infections, urinary leakage between urinations, urinary urgency, and frequency. Furthermore, a patient will experience a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.
Some might have pelvic pain, dyspareunia (pain during sexual intercourse), or observable swelling near the urethral opening. Symptoms can increase with time and become worse if left unaddressed. Early diagnosis and treatment can help combat the pain and avert the side effects.
Urethral Diverticulum Diagnosis
Diagnosing a Urethral Diverticulum is based on a careful review of medical history, thorough physical examination, and specific tests. During the physical inspection, a healthcare professional may press the skin around the urinary opening to check for any signs of pain or swelling.
However, in some cases, imaging methods like ultrasound, MRI, or voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) may be performed to see the diverticulum and assess its size and location. Besides that, cystoscopy, where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the urethra, may be performed to see the diverticulum and surrounding tissue directly.
These diagnostic measures confirm the presence of a Urethral Diverticulum and allow the healthcare team to decide on the best possible treatment plan.
Urethral Diverticulum Treatment
The treatment of Urethral Diverticulum varies based on the severity of the symptoms. Mild cases with negligible symptoms may be controlled with warm sitz baths, antibiotics for urinary tract infections, and bilateral urine drainage through a catheter from the verge of the diverticulum.
While conservative treatments are practicable in mild symptom cases, surgical intervention may be considered when the patient is suffering from severe or intractable symptoms.
The surgical options are of two types: diverticulectomy (removal of diverticulum) and marsupialization (creating a new opening for drainage). The surgical option is chosen based on the size of the diverticulum or the site where it has developed.
Best Gynecologist in Mumbai
Dr. Neelima Mantri is the best lady gynecologist in Mumbai, renowned for her expertise and compassionate care. Having years of practice, she specializes in diverse gynecological operations and holds a good reputation for consistently taking care of women’s health. Be sure to get in touch with expert professionals to gain detailed information on this topic.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Apr 10, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
Even though postmenopausal bleeding is frequently concerning, it is a condition that needs to be recognized and understood. This bleeding can be an indicator of several underlying disorders and usually occurs after a woman has gone through menopause, which is generally described as not having menstruated for 12 consecutive months.
Endometrial cancer and uterine polyps are two more dangerous reasons that can occur in addition to more benign ones like hormone imbalances or vaginal atrophy. Effective postmenopausal bleeding management requires an understanding of the possible causes, a correct diagnosis by a gynecologist in Mumbai, and the pursuit of suitable treatment.
The Primary Causes
Hormonal Fluctuations: Variations in progesterone and estrogen levels during menopause can cause postmenopausal bleeding as well as other irregular bleeding patterns.
Vaginal Atrophy: During menopause, the vaginal walls are often thin and dry, which can lead to discomfort and bleeding.
Endometrial Atrophy: Postmenopausal bleeding may result from the weakening of the endometrial lining that happens with aging.
Endometrial Hyperplasia: Abnormal bleeding may arise from the endometrial lining being thinner as a result of exposure to too much estrogen.
Endometrial Cancer: Postmenopausal bleeding may occasionally be a sign of endometrial cancer, emphasizing the need for an immediate assessment by a doctor.
The Diagnosis
When a healthcare professional diagnoses the underlying cause of postmenopausal bleeding, it usually requires a comprehensive evaluation:
Medical History: The healthcare professional will start by obtaining a thorough medical history that includes details on the occurrence, length, and intensity of bleeding episodes.
Physical Examination: To check for any anomalies or indications of infection, a pelvic examination may be conducted.
Imaging Tests: To see the uterus, ovaries, and other pelvic tissues and find any anomalies, including polyps or tumors, imaging investigations like transvaginal ultrasound or pelvic MRI may be requested.
Endometrial Biopsy: To collect a sample for microscopic inspection and rule out endometrial cancer or other abnormalities, a biopsy of the endometrial tissue may be advised as well.
Laboratory Tests: Blood tests can be used to check for symptoms of anemia or underlying medical issues, as well as to monitor hormone levels like progesterone and estrogen.
Other Procedures: To further assess and treat the underlying cause of postmenopausal bleeding, additional operations including dilatation and curettage (D&C) or hysteroscopy (insertion of a thin, lighted tube into the uterus) may be performed in certain circumstances.
Fundamental Treatment
The underlying reason found during diagnosis determines the course of treatment for postmenopausal bleeding. Hormone replacement treatment (HRT) may be recommended to control hormone levels and treat symptoms if the bleeding is the result of fluctuating hormone levels. Surgical surgery may be required to remove abnormal growths or correct structural abnormalities, such as fibroids or polyps when seen.
Stronger therapies, including a hysterectomy or chemotherapy, may be necessary for endometrial hyperplasia or cancer. Postmenopausal bleeding symptoms can also be reduced by treating underlying medical concerns such as blood clotting or thyroid issues. The demands and medical conditions of each individual are taken into account while creating treatment regimens.
Postmenopausal bleeding needs close observation and an expedient medical assessment to determine its underlying causes and start the proper course of therapy. Renowned obstetrician, gynecologist, and laparoscopic surgeon Dr. Neelima Mantri provides thorough attention and experience in treating diseases in women’s health.
With more than ten years of expertise and specific training in high-risk obstetrics, Dr. Neelima Mantri is considered one of the best female gynecologists in Mumbai and has successfully managed many challenging scenarios, ensuring her patients’ optimal outcomes in most cases.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Mar 11, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
The cases of vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, penile cancer, and anal cancer in both men and women are increasingly prevalent worldwide. Because these cancers require invasive treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, they pose significant risks to reproductive and sexual function, even with the right treatment and care.
Fortunately, the HPV vaccine can drastically reduce the risk of these particular types of cancers, along with other types caused by the HPV virus. The HPV vaccine is one of the most effective vaccines available today, scoring the highest efficacy rating in protecting against the HPV virus. Yet, not many are aware of this cost-effective vaccine.
Today, with insights from the best gynaecologists in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri, we aim to improve awareness about the HPV vaccine by answering the most frequently asked questions. Read on to know:
What is the HPV virus?
The HPV virus, or human papillomavirus, is a common sexually transmitted infection. This virus can infect the mouth, genital area, and throat of both men and women. There are many different types of human papillomavirus, which can cause various symptoms, ranging from genital warts to cancers, including cervical, vaginal, penile, anal, and throat cancers. Other symptoms of infection caused by the HPV virus include itching, burning, or discomfort in the genital area, abnormal vaginal bleeding, and even pain during sex.
How is the HPV virus transmitted?
“HPV is primarily transmitted through sexual contact, including oral, vaginal, and anal sex. The virus spreads even if an infected person shows no signs or symptoms. HPV may also be passed from mother to baby during childbirth,” says female gynaecologist in Mumbai Dr. Neelima Mantri.
How does the HPV vaccine work? What types of cancers does it help prevent?
Like the majority of vaccines, HPV vaccines work by exposing the body to inactive forms of the virus. This way, our body gradually develops immunity against the virus in its active form when exposed. Cervical cancer, vaginal cancer in women, and anal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer (back of the throat) in both men and women are some of the cancers whose risk can be significantly reduced by getting the HPV vaccine.
How many doses of the HPV vaccine are needed for an individual? Is it safe?
The total number of doses required by the individual depends on the age at which they are vaccinated. Children and teens between ages 9 and 14 will require two doses of HPV vaccine over a 6-12 month period. If the HPV vaccine is administered between the ages of 15 and 26, three doses of vaccine will be required over a 6-month period. HPV vaccine is one of the most extensively studied vaccines and the most effective one with excellent efficacy rates in reducing the risk of HPV-related cancers. So yes, it is safe and effective for men and women.
What are the side effects of the HPV vaccine? Every vaccine shows a few mild side effects. In the case of HPV vaccine, the side effects are mild and often go away within a few days. The side effects of HPV vaccines may include pain, redness, swelling, dizziness, and in very rare cases, fainting.
Where can I get the HPV vaccine in India?
Government Health Centers, Private Hospitals, and Clinics are some of the primary sources of HPV vaccination. Even women’s health specialists or gynaecologists can also help you get the HPV vaccine in India. If you are in Mumbai, you can contact leading gynaecologist Dr. Neelima Mantri for HPV vaccination. You can contact her here.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Feb 19, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
When confronted with concerns about cervical health, consulting a skilled gynecologist is crucial. In cases of abnormal Pap smears, the best gynecologist in Mumbai may recommend a colposcopy. This brief yet thorough examination ensures a proactive approach to women’s reproductive well-being.
Colposcopy is a medical procedure that plays a crucial role in women’s health, particularly in the detection and evaluation of abnormalities in the cervix. Whether it’s a follow-up to an abnormal Pap smear or a part of routine gynecological examinations, colposcopy provides valuable insights into cervical health.
In this blog, we will delve into the details of the colposcopy procedure, explore potential risks, and shed light on the significance of its results.
Understanding Colposcopy
Purpose:
Colposcopy is typically recommended when a Pap smear reveals abnormal cell changes in the cervix. It allows healthcare professionals to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva using a colposcope – a specialized magnifying instrument with a light source. The primary goal is to identify any abnormal tissue that might require further investigation or treatment.
Preparation:
Before the procedure, patients are advised to abstain from sexual intercourse and avoid using vaginal medications or tampons for a few days. This ensures a clearer view during colposcopy. It is also essential to inform the healthcare provider about any allergies or pre-existing medical conditions.
Procedure:
During the colposcopy, the patient lies on a gynecological exam table, similar to a pelvic exam. The colposcope is positioned a few inches away, and a mild vinegar solution is applied to the cervix to make abnormal areas more visible. If any suspicious areas are identified, a small biopsy may be taken for further examination.
Potential Risks
Discomfort and Bleeding:
Some women may experience mild discomfort or a sensation of pressure during the procedure. Additionally, there might be slight bleeding if a biopsy is taken. However, these symptoms are usually temporary and resolve shortly after the colposcopy.
Infection:
While infection is rare, there is a minimal risk associated with any procedure that involves the introduction of instruments into the body. To mitigate this risk, it’s crucial to follow post-colposcopy care instructions provided by the healthcare provider.
Emotional Impact:
Given the potential association with cervical abnormalities or precancerous conditions, undergoing a colposcopy may evoke anxiety or emotional distress. Open communication with healthcare providers and seeking support from friends and family can help alleviate these concerns. You may consider visiting a female gynecologist in Mumbai for this.
Interpreting Colposcopy Results
Normal Results:
A normal colposcopy result indicates that the cervix appears healthy, and no abnormal areas were detected. In such cases, routine follow-up Pap smears may be recommended.
Abnormal Results:
If the colposcopy reveals abnormal tissue, further diagnostic tests or treatments may be necessary. These could include additional biopsies, a loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), or a cone biopsy, depending on the severity of the abnormalities.
Colposcopy is a significant procedure in women’s healthcare, providing a closer look at cervical health and aiding in the early detection of abnormalities. Understanding the colposcopy procedure, and potential risks, and interpreting its results empower women to actively participate in their healthcare journey and make informed decisions about their well-being.
Dr. Neelima Mantri, an esteemed laparoscopic surgeon and gynecologist in Mumbai, boasts a decade of experience, specializing in high-risk obstetrics. Trained in South Korea, she excels in both conventional gynecology and minimal access surgeries. Choose Dr. Neelima Mantri for expert, compassionate care – where experience meets excellence.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Feb 16, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency (POI), formerly referred to as premature ovarian failure is a disorder that results from the early depletion or dysfunction of the ovaries leading to malfunctioning of the reproductive system. Such a woman usually develops this condition by the age of 40 which causes various symptoms and affects fertility. In this article, we shall talk about the causes and symptoms of POI.
Causes of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
● Genetic Factors – Primary Ovarian Insufficiency can stem from genetic abnormalities. Premature depletion of ovarian follicles can be caused by conditions such as Turner syndrome, Fragile X syndrome, and other chromosomal abnormalities.
●Autoimmune Disorders – Sometimes the immune system mistakes ovarian tissues and starts attacking them, and this results in a disorder called ovarian insufficiency. POI can result as a consequence of autoimmune disorders that include thyroiditis and Addison’s disease.
●Infections – The infections of the ovaries that cause inflammation and damage are mumps, which contribute to Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.
●Idiopathic Causes – In a large percentage of POI cases, the etiology remains undetermined, so this condition is called idiopathic. This requires further investigations into other possible contributors to ovarian insufficiency. Gynecologists in Mumbai are skilled enough to resolve such issues.
Symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency
●Irregular Menstrual Cycles – Irregular or no menstrual cycles are one of the main symptoms of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Women suffering from POI may have menstrual irregularities that include primary amenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea, among others.
●Hot Flashes and Night Sweats – Situational symptoms associated with ovarian insufficiency can include hot flashes and night sweats commonly seen in the menopausal state.
●Difficulty Conceiving – Reduced ovarian function leads to infertility in most cases of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency. Women with POI often have difficulty conceiving naturally.
●Bone Health Concerns – Estrogen has an important function in the maintenance of bone density. Low estrogen levels that occur in cases of POI may predispose women to osteoporosis and bone fractures.
Management and Treatment
While Primary Ovarian Insufficiency cannot be reversed, its symptoms can be managed with appropriate medical interventions and under the supervision of the best gynecologists in Mumbai.
●Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) – HRT including estrogen and progesterone has a role in the control of symptoms like hot flushes, vaginal dryness, and mood changes. Nevertheless, HRT does not bring back fertility.
●Fertility Treatments – The use of assisted reproductive technologies like IVF with donated eggs may be an option for women who want to have a child.
●Bone Health Measures – To reduce the likelihood of osteoporosis, women with POI are recommended lifestyle interventions including regular weight-bearing exercises, calcium adequate intake, and vitamin D supplementation.
Reproductive health and women’s overall well-being are significantly disturbed by Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, thus, the condition comes with various complexities. With the understanding of the etiologies and identification of symptoms, it can help healthcare providers in diagnosing PIO early which will further lead to better management that helps improve the living quality for women suffering from PIO.
Dr. Neelima Mantri is one of Mumbai’s best gynecologists, who has successfully treated POI patients. Get in touch with her for the best remedies.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 30, 2024 | Blog, Women Health Issues
Pain and discomfort, fatigue, mood swings, stress, sleep disturbances, and interpersonal challenges – PMS can trouble women a lot with its combinations of physical and emotional symptoms.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder is a severe form of PMS that can cause more intense and extreme forms of physical and emotional symptoms triggered by PMS. It is estimated that 8-10% of women of reproductive age can succumb to this painful transition that can impair their quality of life and wreak havoc in the days that lead up to menstruation.
But what is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, what causes it, and how is this condition treated in women? With inputs from a leading gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri, let us find answers to these questions in this blog today.
What is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), characterized by intense physical and emotional symptoms that significantly interfere with the daily life of women. Unlike PMS, it is a chronic condition that manifests in the week or two before menstruation.
Unfortunately PMDD is becoming increasingly common, affecting as much as 10% of women of reproductive age. It is a severe condition that requires immediate attention from medical professionals specializing in treating Premenstrual Disorders.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder – Causes and Symptoms:
Unfortunately, the exact cause of PMDD is not known. It is still considered an anomaly and an abnormal reaction of the body to the hormonal changes that happen during menstruation. However, certain risk factors have been identified to increase the risk of PMDD, including:
- History of PMS
- Underlying anxiety or depression.
- Family history of mood disorders or PMDD
- Personal history of abuse, trauma, or other highly stressful events.
PMDD can trigger a whole host of physical and emotional symptoms that are best described as a severe version of PMS. The symptoms can be versatile and vary from case to case; in general, the symptoms of PMDD include the following:
Psychological Symptoms: Severe fatigue, anxiety, agitation, forgetfulness, insomnia, paranoia, moodiness, concentration problems, confusion, lack of control, nervousness, crying spells, anger, irritability, and depression.
Neurological and Vascular Problems: Muscle spasms, dizziness, numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity of arms and legs, easy bruising, fainting, headache, and heart palpitations.
Skin Problems: Acne, skin inflammation, and other skin disorders.
Other Problems: Decreased sex drive, painful menstruation, food cravings, hot flashes, tender breasts, allergies, and appetite changes.
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder – Treatment
All the above symptoms hitting women in their most severe form can cause extreme emotional and physical distress to women. Fortunately, PMDD can be managed and treated by qualified gynaecologists, and the risk of occurrence can be drastically cut down with the proper measures.
“The treatment for PMDD usually involves Antidepressants, Hormonal birth control pills, Dietary changes, OTC medications, regular exercise, stress management, and lifestyle changes. When perfectly tailored for a specific case, these options together can help manage and treat PMDD successfully,” says leading lady gynaecologist in Mumbai specializing in PMDD treatment, Dr. Neelima Mantri. For more information on the treatment of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, you can directly consult her here.
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