by Dr Neelima Mantri | Dec 26, 2024 | Blog, High Risk Pregnancy
Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) is a serious complication that can occur in pregnancies involving monochorionic twins, that is, identical twins sharing a single placenta. It would have you looking for the best obstetrician in Mumbai. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatment of TAPS.
What is the Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence
This condition occurs when tiny blood vessel connections in the placenta cause blood to flow unevenly from one twin to the other. This then makes one twin (the donor) lose blood, leading to anemia, while the other twin (the recipient) ends up with too much blood and that makes their blood thicker than usual—a condition called polycythemia.
It is important to note that TAPS differs from another condition called Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS). While TTTS is caused by larger blood vessel connections between the twins, which often leads to fluid imbalances in the amniotic sacs, smaller connections cause TAPS.
What Causes TAPS?
The primary cause of TAPS is the uneven flow between monochorionic twins. This is due to the tiny surface connections between the placenta’s arteries and veins, which cause blood to flow continuously from one twin to the other twin. Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence can also be caused by a complication after a procedure called laser surgery, which is used to treat Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome.
The blood vessels are sealed using laser ablation to balance blood flow in the twins. However, the tiny blood connections may remain or develop and lead to TAPS. It is noteworthy that sometimes TAPS spontaneously develops, which shows how unpredictable monochorionic pregnancies are.
Symptoms of Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence
TAPS develops gradually, so it may not show symptoms in the mother early on. However, the anemic twin(the donor) would have pale skin and low hemoglobin levels. The polycythemic twin (recipient) Wood would have a reddish or darker complexion because of thickened blood. In some cases, the placenta on the donor twin’s side may seem thickened, and the recipient twin’s liver may show bright white spots called starry sky.
The Treatment
The treatment depends on the stage of the pregnancy.
These treatments are done during the early stage of the pregnancy. The essence is to help keep both twins stable before delivery:
- Intrauterine Transfusion: For the twin with anemia, a direct blood Transfusion is given in the umbilical vein. This now helps restore hemoglobin levels to normal.
- Partial Exchange Transfusion: This is for the recipient twin who has thick blood. The procedure remixes a portion of the blood and replaces it with a fluid solution like saline or plasma. This would reduce blood viscosity and decrease clotting risk.
- Selective Fetoscopic Laser Surgery (SFL): For advanced cases of TAPS, this procedure is used to target the abnormal blood vessel connections in the shared placenta. A fetoscope (tiny camera) is inserted into the uterus, and a laser is used to seal the problematic vessels.
- Preterm Delivery: Where TAPS occurs towards the end of the pregnancy, the doctors may deliver the babies preterm. They would require intensive care if it comes to this.
Conclusion
The Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) shows how complex monochorionic twin pregnancies can be. However, it shows that one must be vigilant and that timely care can do much good for the babies and the mother. Experienced professionals like Dr. Neelima Mantri have the knowledge and individualized care required for parents managing high-risk pregnancies.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Dec 20, 2024 | Blog, Pregnancy Complications
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease refers to a group of rare and abnormal growths that develop during abnormal pregnancy. Though it is uncommon, understanding it is important. It is noteworthy that some GTDs are noncancerous while others are Malignant. This article discusses the types, causes, treatment, and symptoms of gestational trophoblastic disease
The Types of GTD
- Hydatidiform Mole (molar pregnancy): This is the most common form of GTD. It is usually the result of abnormal fertilization of eggs. It results in a mass of cysts. There are two types: partial mole and complete mole.
- Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia (GTN): This is a more serious form and can occur after a molar pregnancy. It includes several Malignant growths, such as Invasive moles (invade the uterine wall), Choriocarcinoma (spreads quickly to other parts), placental-site Trophoblastic tumor (forms at the placenta), and Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (a rare and slow-growing tumor).
The Causes
Several factors contribute to increasing the risk of developing GTD.
- Abnormal fertilization: If an empty egg or multiple sperms fertilize the egg, it may lead to abnormal trophoblastic tissues.
- Maternal age: Women who are under age 20 or above 40 are at risk of developing GTD
- Previous Molar pregnancy: Having a history of molar pregnancy increases the risk of developing another one.
The Symptoms
The symptoms may vary and are dependent on the type and how severe. Common symptoms, however, include:
- Vaginally bleeding: Abnormal vaginal bleeding during pregnancy is one of the most common signs of GTD. It may be spotting or heavy bleeding, and the bleeding may be mistaken for a miscarriage.
- Severe Nausea and Vomiting: Most women with GTD would experience severe morning sickness. This is usually more serious than that of pregnancy nausea.
- Uterine Growth: GTD makes the uterus grow faster than expected fir the stage of pregnancy. This results from the abnormal growth of trophoblastic tissues and may be detected through a physical examination or ultrasound.
- High hCG level: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin(hCG)is a hormone produced during pregnancy. With GTD, the levels would be much higher. It can be confirmed through blood tests and is one major factor used to diagnose the condition
- Pre-eclampsia: Women with GTd may show signs of preeclampsia, like high blood pressure and protein in the urine in the first trimester.
The Treatment
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease treatment depends on the type, the stage it is at when diagnosed, and whether it is benign (not harmful) or Malignant. Treatment is to remove or destroy abnormal trophoblastic tissue, monitor for signs of recurrence, and preserve fertility whenever possible.
Specific treatment methods are:
- Suction Curettage: This is most suitable for molar pregnancy. Abnormal tissue is removed from the uterus using a gentle suction device.
- Chemotherapy: This is more suitable for invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, and other Malignant forms.
- Hysterectomy: This is the removal of the uterus. However, it is not favored by women who would still love to give birth.
- Radiation Therapy: In extremely rare cases, if it has spread to the brain or lungs, surgery isn’t possible, and radiation therapy would be suggested to help target the cancerous cells. This is, however, a thing of last resort where chemotherapy and surgery will not suffice.
Conclusion
Although rare, Gestational Trophoblastic Disease can have serious implications if not treated. However, with early detection, treatment, and follow-up, most women make a full recovery.
Knowing the symptoms and risks of GTD is crucial for ensuring that women seek timely medical attention, leading to better health outcomes and fertility prospects. To get the best female gynaecologist and laparoscopic surgeon in Mumbai, Connect with Dr Neelima Mantri.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Nov 29, 2024 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist, Pregnancy Tips
Post-surgical Care and Recovery After Endometriosis Surgery
The surgery often performed to remove endometrial tissue to manage complications is just one step ahead in the path toward relief and being pain-free. Proper post-surgical care is important to ensure a smooth recovery. This article provides a guide to understanding what to expect immediately after surgery and tips to help you heal.
Immediate Post Surgical phase
The body needs time to heal from the trauma of the procedure. The first couple of days after endometriosis surgery is critical to set the foundations for recovery.
Post Surgical Symptoms
It is not out of the ordinary to experience different symptoms immediately after surgery. You would experience mild to moderate pain around the incision sites and general abdominal discomfort. This happens because of the surgery itself and the gas used to infante the abdomen. There would be swelling, which typically subsides in a week or two. Some people are unusually tired, and some may feel bloated.
Initial Rest
You need lots of rest to let your body heal, so within the first 48 hours, avoid strenuous activities and prioritize lying down. In addition, you should lean on as much support as you can get. Let your friends or family help out with making meals or running errands. However, you are encouraged to stand from time to time and lightly walk a few steps to help prevent blood slots.
Tips for Physical Recovery
Taking proper care will help the recovery process move along quickly before looking for a gynecologist in Mumbai.
- Diet: Incorporate foods rich in vitamins and minerals into your diet. Anti-inflammatory options like fruits, vegetables, and lean protein help you recover faster. In addition, you should drink a lot of water.
- Movement: Avoid heavy lifting (anything above 10 pounds), strenuous activity, and bending. Instead, take light walks.
- Wound care: Follow your doctor’s instructions to the letter for dressing. It is also important to keep the incisions clean and dry. Do not scrub your incisions while having a bath or apply ointment to them.
- Rest and sleep: Sleep naturally helps the body heal, so get as much sleep as you can. Use supportive pillows to minimize your discomfort.
Monitor your Recovery
You have to be vigilant and aware of when to seek medical attention immediately. If you have mild pain, fatigue, and light spotting, there is no cause for alarm; it is all part of the recovery phase. However, you should contact your doctor immediately if you have persistent pain, excessive bleeding, fever or chills, or unusual swelling, redness, or discharge from the incision.
It is worth mentioning that recovery also includes emotional well-being. There may be feelings of sadness, anxiety or frustration. Be gentle with your body and give it the time it needs to heal properly. If you find yourself being weighed down emotionally due to all the changes, do well to find a support system and even seek professional help.
Final Overview
Recovering from surgery requires a combination of physical care, emotional well-being, and regular follow-ups. It’s important to note that recovery does not follow a straight line. There will be days of progress and moments of challenge. However, with adequate rest, a good diet, and minimal stress, you are on the right path to healing.
Always listen to your body and contact your healthcare provider if you notice your symptoms getting worse or anything unusual. If you are looking for the best lady gynecologist in Mumbai, connect with Dr Neelima Mantri.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Nov 28, 2024 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
Cervical ripening is a critical obstetric procedure in pregnant women. For some women, their bodies may need a little push to get ready for labor, and that’s where cervical ripening comes in. It is a method in which techniques like medication or mechanical dilation are used in expecting moms for safe and smoother delivery. In this blog with inputs from , best lady gynecologist in Mumbai Dr Neelima Mantri, let us understand its risks and benefits is essential before making a decision. Read on:
What is cervical ripening?
When the cervix doesn’t naturally soften, thin, or open as the due date nears, cervical ripening is used to soften and open the cervix, preparing it for labor. This is especially helpful in cases where labor induction is necessary. There are two primary approaches:
- Medications: Drugs like prostaglandins are used to stimulate changes in the cervix.
- Mechanical Methods: Tools like Foley catheters gently expand the cervix.
The method depends on the mother’s condition and pregnancy stage, ensuring safety for both the baby and the mother.
Benefits of cervical ripening
When labor doesn’t start naturally, cervical ripening ensures a safer and smoother delivery. Here’s how it helps:
Eases the Labor Process: Softens and dilates the cervix, reducing the chances of prolonged labor.
Lowers Emergency Risks: lower chance of cesarean (C-section) and need for unplanned C-sections or forceps-assisted deliveries.
Supports High-Risk Pregnancies: Essential for conditions like gestational diabetes or high blood pressure, where early delivery is necessary.
Reduces Stress: Prepares your body for labor, giving you peace of mind and physical comfort.
What are the risks of cervical ripening?
While cervical ripening is generally safe, like any procedure, it comes with potential risks. Here’s what to consider:
- Uterine hyperstimulation can cause prolonged contractions, which can impact the health of the baby.
- Using tools or medications increases the mother or baby’s infection risk.
- Reduced oxygen levels in the fetus can lead to a low fetal heart rate.
- Some women might experience side effects such as diarrhea, fever, or vomiting from the medications.
- There might be a chance for fetal injury or death.
- For high-risk pregnancies, like those with a history of uterine surgeries or placenta previa, this procedure may not be advisable.
These risks are rare and manageable under proper medical supervision.
Conclusion
Cervical ripening procedures hold immense potential to ease childbirth when the natural process of labor doesn’t start as expected. Understanding the risks of cervical ripening and the benefits of cervical ripening empowers expecting mothers to make informed decisions.
Why Choose Dr. Neelima Mantri?
Navigating the final stretch of pregnancy can be overwhelming, but you don’t have to do it alone. If you’re in Mumbai and want expert advice, look no further than Dr. Neelima Mantri, the best lady gynecologist in Mumbai. With her vast experience and compassionate care, she’s helped countless women through safe deliveries.
To learn more or book a consultation, visit Dr. Neelima Mantri’s website here: https://www.drneelimamantri.com/.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Nov 26, 2024 | Blog, Pregnancy Complications
Vasa Previa is a rare but serious pregnancy complication that can lead to stillbirth and is a risk to both the mother and the baby. Fortunately, babies with vasa previa have a 98.6% survival rate if they are diagnosed early and closely monitored, and a planned C-section guarantees a safe delivery.
In this blog, let’s understand vasa previa, its causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Read on.
What is Vasa Previa?
During a healthy pregnancy, the baby’s blood vessels are protected within the umbilical cord or placenta. But in vasa previa, some blood vessels pass close to the cervix, ultimately causing the delicate vessels to rupture, especially during labor.
Causes of Vasa Previa
A few common factors that increase the likelihood of vasa previa include :
- Abnormal structural development of the placenta or umbilical cord
- complications might arise with multiple (twin, triplets) Pregnancy
- Low-lying placenta position (Placenta Previa)
- Assisted reproductive techniques like IVF pregnancy.
About the Symptoms of Vasa Previa
One of the most challenging aspects of vasa previa is that it usually doesn’t show any symptoms during pregnancy which is why prenatal screenings are so important. However, if vasa previa is undetected and labor begins naturally, there can be sudden painless vaginal bleeding.
Vaginal bleeding occurs because of the vulnerable blood vessels rupturing, posing a significant risk to the baby. Swift medical attention is essential if any unexpected bleeding occurs during pregnancy, especially if it happens in the later stages.
How is Vasa Previa diagnosed?
Thankfully, modern technology offers practical ways to identify vasa previa before it becomes a threat. A routine ultrasound, typically during the second trimester, can help detect the condition. Sometimes, a color Doppler ultrasound is used to get a clearer view of the blood vessels and their positioning. Early diagnosis allows your obstetrician to plan for a safe delivery and reduces the risk of complications.
Managing and Treating Vasa Previa
Once vasa previa is diagnosed, the focus shifts to safely delivering your baby while avoiding any risks. Vasa previa treatment includes:
- Planned C-Section: Gynecologists generally recommend scheduling a cesarean section (C-section) around the 34th to 36th week of pregnancy to avoid labor and protect the blood vessels.
- Hospital Monitoring: If there’s a risk of preterm labor, you may recommend hospitalization for closer observation.
- Steroid Injections: Corticosteroids might be given around 32 weeks to help your baby’s lungs mature in case early delivery becomes necessary.
It’s important for women dealing with a complex condition like vasa previa to be aware of its risks. With today’s advances in prenatal care, it can be managed effectively to safeguard both mother and child. Early diagnosis and planned labor with the best obstetrician can make even complex pregnancies manageable.
Are you looking for the best gynecologist and obstetrician in Mumbai? Consult Dr. Neelima Mantri; with over 10 years of extensive experience in high-risk obstetrics; she specializes in treating complex pregnancy conditions like vasa previa, prioritizing the safety of mother and baby.
If you’re pregnant and have questions about vasa previa or anything else, meet Dr. Mantri here: https://www.drneelimamantri.com/contact/
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Oct 23, 2024 | Blog, Infertility Treatment
Infertility is a condition that affects millions of people around the world, yet it remains a deeply personal and often misunderstood challenge.
Whether you’re trying to conceive or want to learn more about reproductive health, understanding the causes and available diagnostic tests is crucial” says Dr Neelima Mantri , the best gynecologist in Mumbai for infertility.
In this blog, with here inputs we’ll break down the causes of infertility and the various diagnostic tests that can help identify the right treatment path.
What is infertility?
Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected sex for couples under 35, or after six months for women aged 35 and older. Infertility affects both men and women equally, making it essential for both partners to undergo evaluation when challenges arise.
Causes of Infertility
Infertility can arise from several factors affecting both men and women. Ovulatory disorders like PCOS and hormonal imbalances can prevent ovulation, while blocked or damaged fallopian tubes from infections, surgeries, or endometriosis may obstruct pregnancy. Uterine issues, including fibroids or polyps, can hinder embryo implantation.
On the male side, low sperm count, poor motility, or abnormal sperm shape can make conception difficult. Hormonal imbalances may disrupt testosterone and sperm production, while genetic conditions like Klinefelter syndrome and medical problems such as diabetes or infections can affect sperm health.
Additionally, aging reduces egg quality and quantity, with lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, obesity, and stress further impacting fertility.
Diagnostic Tests for Infertility
One of the first steps in diagnosing infertility in women involves testing hormone levels. For couples struggling with infertility, a thorough diagnostic workup is essential to identify the root cause. Here’s what you can expect:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: The journey often begins with a detailed discussion about your medical history, including menstrual cycles, previous pregnancies, and lifestyle factors. A physical examination will help assess overall reproductive health.
- Hormonal Blood Tests: Blood tests measure critical hormones like follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) to assess ovarian function. These tests help doctors gauge the woman’s egg reserve and ovulation health, crucial for successful conception.
- Pelvic Ultrasound: A pelvic ultrasound allows doctors to visualize the reproductive organs, identifying any structural abnormalities, such as uterine fibroids or ovarian cysts.
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG): Thisspecialized X-ray test examines the fallopian tubes and uterus to check for blockages. A dye is injected into the uterus, allowing the specialist to see if the tubes are open and functioning correctly, which is essential for the sperm to reach the egg.
- Laparoscopy: In some cases, a minimally invasive surgical procedure called laparoscopy may be recommended. This allows doctors to observe the reproductive organs directly and diagnose conditions like endometriosis or pelvic adhesions.
- Ovarian Reserve Testing: Evaluating the ovarian reserve is critical, particularly for women over 35. Tests may involve hormone assessments and ultrasound evaluations to determine the number of viable eggs remaining.
- Semen Analysis for Male Infertility: A semen analysis assesses sperm count, motility, and morphology, helping fertility specialists determine if male factors are contributing to the couple’s inability to conceive. If abnormalities are found, male infertility solutions in Mumbai can provide personalized treatment plans.
Treatment Options for Infertility
Depending on the cause of infertility, treatments range from medications to advanced procedures, each focused on improving fertility. These options aim to enhance reproductive health for both partners.
- Medicine: Fertility drugs can stimulate ovulation in women and improve sperm production in men.
- Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): A procedure where sperm is placed directly into the uterus.
- In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized in a lab and implanted into the uterus, offering a higher chance of success for couples with complex infertility issues.
- Surgical Interventions: Laparoscopic infertility treatment can remove blockages, fibroids, or scar tissue, allowing for a more natural conception. This is often used in cases where non-invasive treatments fail.
- Male Infertility Solutions: Depending on the results of the semen analysis, men may undergo hormone therapy, lifestyle changes, or surgical procedures to improve sperm quality.
Navigating the journey of infertility can be one of life’s most challenging experiences, but you don’t have to face it alone. Dr. Neelima Mantri, one of the best gynecologists in Mumbai for infertility, understands the emotional toll it takes and is here to offer compassionate support every step of the way. With a focus on personalized care, she provides advanced laparoscopic infertility treatment and a variety of male and female infertility solutions tailored to your unique circumstances.
For expert advice and support, connect with Dr. Neelima here: https://www.drneelimamantri.com.
