by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jun 13, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
It is still a moment of severe stress for every woman that they might develop hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy. While the worry is understandable, one must also be aware that these are two of the most common temporary conditions that happen.
That said, it is always important to note that without proper care, they may pose risks to the health of both mother and baby. But with proactive management, pregnant women can seamlessly wade through these problems and have healthy pregnancies and deliveries.
So, what causes hypertension and diabetes to develop in pregnant women? How can they impact the health of the baby? What measures should the mother take to reduce these risks?
With inputs from the best lady gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri, let us help you find answers to these questions in this blog today:
Hypertension and Diabetes in Pregnancy: What Causes Them?
Pre-existing hypertension in women, underlying health conditions like obesity, diabetes, and advanced maternal age are some of the most common reasons why many women tend to develop hypertension during pregnancy. In addition to these, placental factors that lead to issues with blood vessel function, first-time pregnancy, or multiple gestation (twins or more) may also increase the chance of developing high blood pressure.
- Similar to hypertension, diabetes also tends to develop in pregnancy. Women with pre-existing Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes are at higher risk. In addition to pre-existing conditions, hormonal changes, pancreatic strain, obesity, PCOS, or a family history of diabetes can also cause gestational diabetes in pregnancy.
Any woman with these conditions stands a high chance of developing hypertension and diabetes during pregnancy.
How Does Hypertension Affect Pregnancy?
- For the mother, severe forms of high blood pressure may increase the risk of organ damage, seizures, and stroke, which can be life-threatening. Placental abruption, where the placenta detaches from the uterus wall prematurely, leads to preterm births and increased need for C-section, these are some of the other problems a pregnant woman with untreated hypertension may face.
- High blood pressure can also affect the baby by limiting the baby’s growth, leading to low birth weight, preterm birth, or even stillbirth in some cases.
What Are the Risks of Diabetes During Pregnancy?
- Diabetes in pregnant women can increase the chance of developing hypertensive disorders. It can raise the risk of infections and preterm labor and also increase the future risk of developing Type 2 diabetes for both mother and child.
- But most commonly, in pregnant women, diabetes leads to macrosomia, where the baby grows excessively large which tends to cause delivery difficulties and a higher need for a C-section.
- Macrosomia can also impact the baby’s health by increasing the risk of shoulder dystocia, birth trauma, breathing problems, congenital disabilities, stillbirth, and increased chances of developing obesity and Type 2 diabetes later in life.
“Breathing problems, congenital disabilities, stillbirths, and increased risk of diabetes in the baby later in life are other common complications seen when diabetes during pregnancy is not effectively controlled,” says a leading female gynaecologist in Mumbai, Dr. Neelima Mantri.
So, is pregnancy safe with diabetes and high blood pressure? The hypertension and diabetes can impact health of both mother and baby and when left unmanaged, they can cause serious problems. But with right treatment, care and prevention strategies, it is possible to make pregnancy safe for women with these conditions.
What Steps Should Pregnant Women Take to Reduce the Risks?
Managing these conditions proactively is crucial to prevent potential health risks to both the mother and baby. According to gynaecologist Dr. Neelima Mantri, here are the key steps that can help:
- Preconception Counseling
Women with chronic hypertension or diabetes need to consult a doctor before conceiving. This helps assess health status, make medication adjustments, and manage blood pressure and sugar levels before pregnancy.
2. Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Balanced diets, personalized according to pre-existing conditions, along with regular physical activity such as walking or yoga, help maintain weight, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels. These are found to significantly reduce the risk of hypertension and diabetes in pregnant women.
3. Self-Monitoring & Medication Adherence
Pregnant women must regularly monitor blood sugar and pressure levels themselves and adhere to prescribed medications exactly as directed by their doctor.
4. Foetal Monitoring
Ultrasound scans and foetal assessment tests (like non-stress tests or biophysical profiles) to monitor the baby’s growth and well-being should be done regularly to ensure optimal fetal health.
By taking the above proactive steps and working closely with qualified and experienced healthcare teams, any woman with hypertension or diabetes can significantly reduce her risk and increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy and delivery.
If you are in or around Mumbai and are seeking personalized counseling, guidance, and support to reduce the risk of these conditions and increase your chances of a healthy pregnancy, gynaecologist Dr. Neelima Mantri is here to help. You can contact her here.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Apr 24, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
When it comes to women’s health, cervical care often doesn’t get the attention it deserves—until there’s a problem. But what if just one test and one vaccine could help you avoid most of those problems altogether? Sounds simple, right? That’s where regular Pap smears and the HPV vaccine come in. These two tools are powerful, preventative steps that every woman should understand and embrace.
Understanding Cervical Health Starts with Awareness
The cervix is an important part of the female reproductive system. It is the starting point of life, and regrettably, it is also the place where infections and cancers can develop secretly. Most women do not have any symptoms of cervical infection at all, or the symptoms are not noticeable until the problem escalates. That is why preventive care is mandatory.
The Role of the Pap Smear Test
If you have ever asked yourself when is the best time to get a Pap smear test, the answer is that it is appropriate to start at the age of 21 and repeat the test every 3–5 years. A Pap smear is a test that is used to identify abnormal cells in the cervix before they develop into cancerous cells. It is fast, does not involve any form of incision, and can be the difference between life and death.
It is said to be uncomfortable by some, awkward by others, and simply not a priority for many women. But here is the reality: a few minutes of awkwardness are worth the relief of being asymptomatic or having a disease detected in its preliminary stages.
What About HPV?
HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases that can lead to cervical cancer. HPV is very common, and most women will be exposed to it at some point in their lifetime, but the infection usually goes away on its own. However, some of the strains are risky and may cause complications in the cervix.
The best age for HPV vaccine is between 9 and 14 years of age, preferably before the onset of the first sexual intercourse. However, it does not mean that if you are older, it is too late to do something. People up to the age of 26 years should also get the vaccine. It is a way of ensuring that you do not have to spend a lot of money on your health in the future.
Recognising Cervical Infection Symptoms
Most women ignore cervical infection symptoms as they assume it is normal to experience changes in their menstrual cycle or due to stress. However, any abnormal discharge, pelvic pain, pain during intercourse, or bleeding between the periods should not be overlooked. These could be early warning signs. Pay attention to your body; it has a way of communicating before a crisis occurs.
When Should You Get Tested?
Here are some quick tips if you are wondering the best time to get a Pap smear test:
- After three years of becoming sexually active
- For women in the age group of 21-29 years, the examination is conducted every three years.
- For women aged 30-65 years, a cervical smear test is recommended every five years in addition to the HPV test.
- After any abnormal bleeding or discharge
- As advised by your gynaecologist
Choosing the Right Care
It is always important to have the right doctor. Whether you are not sure whether a certain symptom is normal, it is time for your Pap smear, or you are wondering when you should get the HPV vaccine, consultation with the best lady gynaecologist in Mumbai will help to remove the fear and confusion.
A person who listens to you and shows that they care is something that is needed—because cervical care is not only medical, it is personal. Your health journey should be managed professionally and with understanding.
In Conclusion
Cervical health is not something that one should neglect. Pap smears, when to get vaccinated, and early signs of cervical infection are some of the most important aspects of every woman’s life.
If you are looking for a lady gynaecologist in Mumbai who is professional, empathetic, and experienced, then you should consult Dr. Neelima Mantri. It is time to stop waiting for the symptoms to appear. Let’s begin to lead the change – one test, one vaccine, one conversation at a time.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Apr 10, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
Many individuals undergoing surgery related to reproductive organs often wonder about their chances of conceiving in the future. Whether it’s a procedure for fibroids, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, or even a caesarean section, surgery can raise concerns about long-term fertility. The good news is that many people do go on to have successful pregnancies after surgery.
However, it depends on several factors including the type of surgery, the condition being treated, and individual reproductive health. Knowledge of how surgery affects fertility is useful in managing expectations and finding the best way toward conception.
Types of Surgeries That Affect Fertility
It is important to note that not all surgeries are equal in terms of their effects on the reproductive health of women. Some of the minor surgeries like diagnostic laparoscopy or removal of cysts that are small in size may not cause much impact. However, surgeries that involve the uterus, fallopian tubes, or ovaries are likely to affect fertility in some way.
For instance, operations that involve the cutting out of fibroids (myomectomy) can enhance fertility if the fibroids are hindering implantation. However, if the surgery leads to scarring or makes the wall of the uterus thin, then it may be dangerous during subsequent pregnancies. Likewise, surgeries on the fallopian tubes may enhance the possibility of natural conception, but at the same time may lead to blockage or harm in the event of surgery.
How Surgery Can Affect Reproductive Function
Surgery can have an impact on fertility positively or negatively. It is often done to fix an issue that was causing infertility in the first instance. Surgery may help in clearing blockages, treating infections, or correcting organ dysfunction, which may enhance fertility.
Nevertheless, there is a possibility of forming scar tissue, called adhesions, which may alter the mobility and function of reproductive organs. If the adhesions develop around the fallopian tubes or ovaries, they can block the release of eggs or prevent fertilisation. In such circumstances, it is advisable to consult an infertility doctor in Mumbai to determine the severity of the problem and the available fertility-friendly measures.
When to Try for Pregnancy After Surgery
It is therefore important to know when to attempt conception after surgery. The body requires time to heal before it is ready to carry a pregnancy, as it is a delicate process. In general, it is advised that women should wait for a few months after the surgery to attempt to conceive, especially if the surgery is complex or if the area of the body that was operated on is related to conception.
A complete check may be carried out to check on the functioning of the uterus, ovaries, and other related organs. The hormone levels, ovulation cycles, and general reproductive health are checked before one is cleared to start trying for pregnancy. Any woman who is planning for pregnancy after surgery should seek the services of the best gynaecologist in Mumbai to advise on the best post-surgery fertility plan that will suit the woman.
Fertility Support and Specialist Care
If conception does not take place after several months of trying, it is advisable to seek a fertility assessment. This may involve blood tests, ultrasound, and in some cases other tests to check on the quality of the eggs, ovulation, and the reproductive organs.
In such cases, consultation with the best obstetrician in Mumbai or fertility specialists can help clear the confusion. If natural methods do not help to conceive, other options like ART, hormone therapy, or surgery to fix complications arising from previous surgery may be used.
Fertility after surgery is a process that is unique to every woman. Some women get pregnant without any help after surgery, while others may need some assistance. In this way, the procedures that affect reproductive health can be better understood.
Moreover, with the help of the best gynaecologist in Mumbai or an infertility specialist in Mumbai, one can make the right decision about having a baby. It is, however, important to note that pregnancy after surgery is not only possible but can be quite successful if the woman takes good care of herself and is patient.
Pregnancy After Reproductive Surgery
Surgery involving the reproductive organs can raise many questions about future fertility. Most patients want clear answers. Can they get pregnant again? Is there a waiting period after surgery? Will they need assisted reproductive treatments? The concerns are valid!
Surgery may address medical issues, but its effect on fertility depends on several factors, like the complexity of surgery and the patient’s overall reproductive health. Join us as we analyse how different types of gynaecological surgeries influence fertility and what steps may help in
planning a pregnancy afterward.
Fertility After Fibroid Removal Surgery:
Fibroids are common growths in the uterus. In some cases, they cause pain, heavy bleeding, or interfere with conception. Surgical removal of fibroids is known as myomectomy. The surgery is usually performed when fibroids affect the shape of the uterus [or block the fallopian tubes].
Many women conceive successfully after fibroid surgery. The outcome depends on where the fibroids were located and how much of the uterine wall was involved. Recovery time is important. The uterus must heal properly before it can carry a pregnancy. Patients are usually advised to wait for a few months. During this time, the uterine lining regains strength. In most cases, fertility improves once normal anatomy is restored.
Chances Of Pregnancy After Ovarian Cyst Surgery:
Ovarian cysts can form for several reasons. Most are harmless. Some, however, grow large or become painful. If a cyst does not resolve on its own, surgery may be recommended. When only the cyst is removed and the ovary is preserved, the impact on fertility is low. But if part of the ovary has to be removed, the number of available eggs may decrease.
This is called a drop in ovarian reserve. After recovery, many women ovulate normally and can conceive without assistance. Others may benefit from fertility testing. If the ovarian function is affected, early planning becomes important.
Fertility After Endometriosis Surgery
Endometriosis is experienced when tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus. It often causes pain and can interfere with fertility. Surgical treatment helps remove the abnormal tissue and clear adhesions.
For mild or moderate endometriosis, surgery can improve the chances of natural conception. In severe cases, where organs are stuck together, results vary. The goal of surgery is to restore pelvic anatomy. Even after surgery, ongoing management may be needed. Pain relief does not always mean fertility improvement. That is why regular follow-up is essential.
Fertility Recovery Post-Surgery:
After any reproductive surgery, the body needs time to recover. The uterus, ovaries, or tubes must regain normal function. Doctors usually advise waiting before trying to conceive. This period allows healing and reduces the risk of complications.
Blood tests and scans may be used to check recovery. Some women may need support from the best gynaecologist in Mumbai or a specialist who can guide them through the next steps. Fertility outcomes are better when surgery is followed by the right medical advice.
Fertility Specialist Mumbai
Each patient has a unique recovery journey. Seeing the best obstetrician in Mumbai can help assess readiness for pregnancy. Patients who face delays should consult the best lady gynaecologist in Mumbai, such as Dr Neelima Mantri, for further evaluation.
If natural conception does not occur, an infertility specialist in Mumbai may suggest fertility preservation or assisted treatments. These options depend on how the surgery has affected egg reserve, fallopian tubes, or uterine lining.
Pregnancy after reproductive surgery is possible, but planning matters. With the right treatment and follow-up, many patients go on to have healthy pregnancies. Timing, testing, and medical support make all the difference.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Mar 13, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
One of the most important decisions that any expectant mother has to make is whether to opt for a natural childbirth or a cesarean section. Even though it is normal for a woman to give birth through the vagina, a C-section may be required in some circumstances.
It is crucial to weigh the pros and cons of vaginal birth and the C-section, the risks and advantages of the procedure to make the right decision depending on the woman’s health, the baby’s well-being, and the situation.
Pros and cons of vaginal birth
Vaginal delivery is one where the baby is expelled through the birth canal, which is also known as the birth canal. It is the most common technique used in most instances, especially if there are no complications involved.
Pros of Vaginal Birth:
- Less Hospitalization– Women who give birth through vaginal delivery spend less time in the hospital as compared to those who undergo a C-section.
- Lesser Complication– Vaginal births do not require surgery like C-sections; therefore, the chances of getting an infection or blood clot are slim.
- Beneficial to the baby– The passage through the birth canal helps in the development of the lungs, and the baby is also exposed to bacteria that form immunity.
Cons of Vaginal Birth:
- Vaginal Tear– It is also important to note that the vaginal tissues may tear during the process, and this may require sutures.
- Longer Labour & Delivery Process– Labour may take hours, and this may cause the woman to get tired, and the pain may also be unbearable.
- Pelvic Floor Issues– Some of the women develop vaginal atrophy symptoms after delivery due to hormonal changes and the stretching of the tissues.
C-section risks and benefits
Cesarean section is a process of delivering the baby through incisions made on the mother’s abdomen and uterus. It is applied in cases like fetal distress, breech presentation, or any other complications in pregnancy.
Benefits of C-Section:
- Recommended by Most Surgeons– Some women opt for a C-section because they do not want to experience labour or if it is medically advisable.
- Fewer Incidences of Birth Injuries– At times, a C-section can prevent issues such as lack of oxygen or birth injuries.
- No Pelvic Floor Trauma– A cesarean section does not apply pressure on the pelvic floor muscles as is the case with normal delivery, hence minimizing the chances of urinary incontinence or severe vaginal tears.
Risks of C-Section:
- Longer Recovery– It is a surgical procedure and, therefore, takes a longer time to recover and may take about 6-8 weeks with some discomfort in movement.
- Higher Risk of Infection– The risk of infection is high at the incision site or even within the uterus.
- Placenta Issues– Women who have had a C-section are likely to have placenta issues in future pregnancies.
Postpartum Health and Recovery
In any case, the period after childbirth is important for a woman’s health and well-being. Some of the symptoms of vaginal atrophy include dryness, discomfort, and irritation that are likely to occur in women after childbirth due to hormonal changes. Vaginal atrophy is not something that should be taken lightly because it can lead to discomfort and a poor quality of life; therefore, there is treatment.
Choosing the Right Birth Method
A normal delivery or a cesarean section depends on the condition of the mother, the position of the baby, and the doctor’s recommendation. While a normal birth is preferred, a cesarean section may be necessary in some cases. It is always wise to seek the services of a good obstetrician to be advised on how to handle the situation to benefit both the mother and the baby.
To cater to the needs of women during pregnancy, delivery, and management of vaginal atrophy treatment, Dr. Neelima Mantri has provided specialized services for women. Thus, it is crucial to know the advantages and disadvantages of C-sections, as well as the process of vaginal birth, to make the right decisions for a better pregnancy and postpartum period.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Feb 16, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist
Millions of women go through severe pain and have to hide their painful periods due to cultural and societal stigma surrounding menstrual hygiene and health. A few women go through their monthly periods with little to no discomfort or inconvenience for a few days. However, for many women, their monthly period is a battle against excruciating pain, fatigue and emotional distress that interferes with their normal daily routine.
One of the causes of severe menstrual pain is endometriosis, which affects millions of girls all over the world. Despite the condition affecting a large percentage of women, little to no information is said about the topic, leaving many women feeling alone and isolated while experiencing debilitating pain every month. In this article, we’ll break the silence regarding endometriosis and elaborate on its symptoms and treatment.
What is Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition where the tissue similar to the lining of the uterus (endometrium) grows outside of the uterus which causes inflammation and swelling. The tissue can develop on the outer layer of the uterus, the fallopian tubes or the ovaries. Normally, this tissue responds to hormonal changes like the tissue found in the inner lining of the uterus and should pass as menstruation.
Unfortunately, this tissue is located on other organs and, after shedding, cannot pass out of the body, leading to complications. Research has been carried out to discover the cause of endometriosis. While no concrete evidence has been found, several theories of possible causes exist, such as genetic disposition, immune system dysfunction and many others.
Symptoms
Various endometriosis symptoms usually manifest in numerous ways, a few of which are listed below:
- Severe Pain: Intense cramping, heavy and painful bleeding and pelvic pain are common symptoms experienced due to endometriosis. It is medically known as dysmenorrhoea, and the cramps could begin days before the period and continue till the end of the period.
- Chronic Pelvic Pain: Many women experience pain in the lower abdomen, back and pelvis when suffering from endometriosis. The pain can occur at any time from intercourse, menstruation, bowel movement or urination.
- Heavy Bleeding: It often comes with the issue of heavy menstrual flow, which leads to health complications like anaemia and fatigue.
- Infertility: The health complications caused by endometriosis, such as scarring, make it difficult to conceive as the condition affects various reproductive organs like the uterus, fallopian tube and ovaries.
- Bloating and Swellings: The condition often causes its bearers to experience bloating and swelling in various parts of the body.
Treatment Options for Endometriosis
Although there is no cure for endometriosis, various treatment options are available to improve quality of life, reduce pain and manage symptoms that occur. There are traditional and natural treatment options available for endometriosis. Natural endometriosis treatment includes:
- Dietary/Lifestyle Changes: Having a balanced diet is key, as consuming a diet rich in omega-3 acids, antioxidants, and fibre will reduce inflammation.
- Herbal Remedies: Consuming herbs like turmeric, chamomile and ginger can help reduce pain.
- Yoga and Relaxing Activities: Performing relaxation activities like yoga can reduce anxiety and stress.
Conclusion
A condition as serious as endometriosis isn’t something to remain silent on, as millions of women and girls are in severe pain every month. The condition affects not only the physical well-being but also the mental and emotional well-being of people with the condition. It is important to ask questions and clear any doubts you may have about endometriosis symptoms in women. Dr Neelima Mantri is ready to address all your concerns.
by Dr Neelima Mantri | Jan 20, 2025 | Blog, Female Gynaecologist, Pregnancy Tips
Pregnancy is usually a thing that brings joy with it, but it comes with unexpected challenges. An example is the cervical insufficiency condition. It impacts a woman’s ability to carry a pregnancy to full term. It may be rare, but understanding it can ensure the best possible outcome for both mother and baby
What is Cervical Insufficiency?
It occurs when the cervix—the tissue connecting the uterus to the vagina—is weak or dilates too early in pregnancy. It usually occurs in the second trimester. It can be distinguished from preterm labour. Unlike preterm labour, which comes with contractions, cervical Insufficiency doesn’t show pain or any warning signs. It can lead to pregnancy loss or premature birth if not treated.
Causes of Cervical Insufficiency
There are many factors which contribute to this.
- Medical History: it could be a result of procedures like cervical biopsies, dilation and curettage (D&C), or even a traumatic childbirth experience for many women that can weaken cervical tissue.
- Factors from Birth: Some women may be born with abnormalities or genetic conditions, which makes them more likely to have cervix insufficiency.
- Hormonal Influences: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can soften and weaken cervical tissue, increasing the risk of early dilation.
Other risk factors are carrying multiple pregnancies, history of miscarriage, or uterine anomalies.
Symptoms of Cervical Insufficiency
Being able to differentiate between cervical Insufficiency and other pregnancy complications is important for much-needed early intervention. Cervical insufficiency often has no symptoms, which makes it harder to detect. However, there are some warning signs to watch for, including:
- Pelvic pressure or fullness.
- Vaginal spotting or changes in discharge.
- Early cervical dilation was noticed during routine exams.
Because these symptoms can be subtle or absent, regular prenatal checkups and open communication with your gynecologist and obstetrician, such as Dr Neelima Mantri, are essential.
The Diagnosis
Diagnosing cervical insufficiency typically involves:
- Medical History Evaluation: A review of past pregnancies, surgeries, or other risk factors is one.
- Physical Exams: Routine Pelvic exams to check for cervical changes.
- Ultrasound: Measuring cervical length can help assess the risk of insufficiency.
Detecting it early plays a major role in stopping complications.
Treatment Options
Cervical insufficiency treatment depends on how serious the condition is and what stage the pregnancy is at. Common options include:
- Cerclage: It is a surgical procedure. It involves stitching the cervix to keep it closed. Cerlage is often carried out between 12–14 weeks of pregnancy in high-risk cases or simply as an emergency measure if the cervix begins to dilate prematurely.
- Progesterone Therapy: Another way is therapy. Progesterone, a hormone essential for pregnancy, may be prescribed to help strengthen the cervix and reduce any inflammation.
- Restrictions: In some cases, doctors may recommend bed rest or minimal physical activity to reduce pressure on the cervix.
Pregnancy differs from person to person, so your doctors will work together based on your history to create a plan that works best for you.
Conclusion
Women can navigate this by understanding the causes, recognising the symptoms, and working closely with healthcare providers. If you or someone you know is at risk, encourage them to seek medical advice and consult the best obstetrician in Mumbai. Connect with Dr Neelima Mantri today.
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