Vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) occurs during pregnancy when one twin disappears in the uterus. This condition is usually experienced after it has been initially detected via ultrasound. It is a rare condition and is more prevalent in the first trimester.
For expectant parents, this experience is bittersweet because they are grieving the loss of one twin while celebrating the survival of the other. VTS is relatively common, especially with the use of early ultrasound technology. This article discusses the causes, symptoms, and how families can navigate this journey.
What is vanishing twin syndrome?
Vanishing twin syndrome occurs when a twin or multiple ones disappear in the womb. This is usually because of miscarriage early in the pregnancy. The surviving twin, the placenta, or the mother’s body, absorbs the remaining tissue from the vanished twin.
More cases of VTS have been detected than ever because of the advancement in ultrasound technology. In the past, such cases were not recognized. VTS is most commonly diagnosed during routine scans when multiple gestations are identified, but subsequent scans only show one fetus.
Causes of Vanishing Twin Syndrome
The loss of one twin is typically because of natural factors which no one can control. These are:
- Genetic abnormalities: Some vanished twins have chromosomal issues, which stop them from growing.
- Placental issues: Problems with the placenta, like insufficient blood flow or nutrients not getting to the fetus, can result in the loss of one twin.
- Maternal factors: How advanced in age the mother is, uterine abnormalities or even underlying health conditions of the mother can contribute to VTS. Research shows that this is more common among women who are older than 30.
VTS is rarely preventable and does not indicate a problem with the mother’s health or care.
Symptoms of Vanishing Twin Syndrome
The symptoms vary from person to person, but in most cases, there are no noticeable signs, and it is only discovered during a routine ultrasound. Commonly, some women may experience:
- Vaginal bleeding is often mistaken for a miscarriage.
- Cramp pain or pelvic discomfort.
- Back pain
Diagnosis and Treatment
An early scan may detect two gestational sacs, but subsequent scans may show only one fetus. There is no direct treatment for the vanished twin itself. The only thing that can be done is to monitor the surviving twin. Gynecologists and obstetricians in Mumbai focus on ensuring that the surviving twin develops and that the mother is monitored to prevent any further complications.
In most cases, the surviving twin continues to develop normally, and the pregnancy proceeds without any further complications. There may be the feeling that something could have been done right to prevent the incident from occurring, but it is noteworthy that the irregularities could stem from the vanished twin’s DNA
Conclusion
Vanishing twin syndrome is natural, and for the most part, it cannot be prevented. It may be emotionally challenging, but seeking support can help families go through the experience by focusing on the health of the surviving twin. For the mother’s health, connect with the best gynecologist Mumbai, Dr Neelima Mantri.
